Ravindra Kaushik :A forgotten Spy of India

Ravindra Kaushik (1952–2001) was a former RAW agent,A.K.A Black Tiger is the most renowned spy of India.Ravinder Kaushik was born in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan on April 11, 1952. He was a famous theater artist and displayed his talent at the national level dramatic meet in Lucknow, which was witnessed by some officials of the Indian Intelligence Agency RAW.He was contacted and offered a job for being an undercover agent of India in Pakistan. At the age of 23, he was sent to Pakistan on a mission.

Ravinder Kaushik was recruited by RAW and was given extensive training in Delhi for two years. Circumcision was performed on him to show him as a Muslim. He was taught Urdu, given religious education and acquainted with the topography and other details about Pakistan. Being from Sri Ganganager, he was well versed in the Punjabi language which is spoken in major part of Pakistan.

In 1975 he was sent to Pakistan and given the name Nabi Ahmed Shakir. He was successful in getting admission in Karachi University and completed his LLB. He joined Pakistan Army and became a commissioned officer and later was promoted to the rank of a Major. He converted to Islam, married a local girl Amanat, and became father of a son who also died on 2012-2013.From 1979 to 1983, while in military service, he passed on valuable information to RAW which was of great help to the Indian defence forces.He was given the title of 'Black Tiger' by India's then home minister S.B. Chavan.Some testify that the title was conferred by then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.He spent 26 years of his life away from his home and family in Pakistan in very unfavourable conditions.In September 1983, Indian intelligence agencies had sent an agent, Inyat Masiha, to get in touch with Black Tiger. But the agent was caught by Pakistan’s intelligence agencies and revealed Ravinder Kaushik's true identity.

Kaushik was then captured, tortured for two years at an interrogation centre in Sialkot. Ravinder was awarded death sentence in the year 1985. His sentence was later commuted to a life term by the Pakistan Supreme court.Kaushik was kept in various jails, including Sialkot, Kot Lakhpat and in Mianwali jail for 16 years, where he contracted Asthma and TB. He managed to secretly send letters to his family in India, which revealed his poor health condition and the trauma faced by him in Pakistani jails.

In one of his letters he wrote,

"Kya Bharat jaise bade desh ke liye kurbani dene waalon ko yahi milta hai?" (Is this the reward a person gets for sacrificing his life for a great nation like India?)

On 21 November 2001, he succumbed to pulmonary tuberculosis and heart disease in New Central Jail Multan. He was buried behind that jail.

Mi4i:Specifications

GENERAL FEATURES

Form:Bar

SIM Size:Micro SIM

Touch Screen:Yes

SIM Type
LTE + LTE, (Dual Standby)

Model ID:MZB4343IN

In the Box
Handset, Charger, USB Cable, User Guide

MULTIMEDIA

Video Player:Yes, Full HD

FM:Yes

Music Player:Yes, Supports MP3

CAMERA:Video Recording:Yes, 1920 x 1080

Other Camera Features
Integrated Flash Support, Supports Beautify, Refocus, f/2.0, Sony/Samsung IMX214 Camera, 5-element Lens, Stacked CMOS Sensor, Full HD (Rear Camera)

HD Recording:HD, Full HD

Rear Camera:Yes, 13MP

Front Facing Camera:Yes, 5MP

INTERNET & CONNECTIVITY

Audio Jack:3.5 mm

Preinstalled Browser:MIUI Browser, Chrome Browser, Android

Bluetooth:Yes, v4.1, Supported Profiles (LE)

4G:Yes

Navigation Technology
A-GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, with Google Maps

Wifi
Yes, 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac

Internet Features:Email

EDGE:Yes

GPRS:Yes

Tethering:USB

USB Connectivity:Yes, OTG Compatible

3G:Yes

OTHER FEATURES

Sensors:Gyroscope, Light Sensor, Accelerometer, eCompass, Proximity Sensor

Phone Book Memory:Yes

SMS Memory:Yes

Call Memory:Yes

SAR Value:1.290 W/Kg

Additional Features:
WLAN Support, Wi-Fi Direct, Wi-Fi Tethering, Voice Calling

DIMENSIONS

Weight:130 g

Size:69.6x138.1x7.8 mm

DISPLAY

Resolution
Full HD, 1920 x 1080 Pixels

Other Display Features
JDI Display, All New Sunlight Display, 441 PPI

Size:5 Inches

WARRANTY

Warranty Summary
1 year manufacturer warranty for Phone and 6 months warranty for in the box accessories

BATTERY

Type
Li-Ion Polymer, 3120 mAh

MEMORY AND STORAGE

Memory
2 GB RAM, 16 GB ROM

Internal
16 GB

User Memory
12.77 GB

PLATFORM

Operating Freq
GSM - 850, 900, 1800, 1900; WCDMA - 2100; 4G: LTE (FDD) - Band 3 (1800), LTE (TD) - Band 40 (2300)

User Interface
MIUI 6

Graphics:Adreno 405

OS:Android v5.0.2 (Lollipop)

Processor
1.7 GHz + 2nd-gen Snapdragon 615 64-bit octa-core

10 bandits of India

10. Paan Singh Tomar

Paan Singh Tomar was a Indian Soldier, an athlete and was a rebel known to had won national level steeple chase championship for 7 times and had represented India in Asian Games.It was during the time in the Indian army he knew his talent in running.However Tomar had a pre-mature retirement from the Indian Army.After returning to his village Bhidosa,Madhya Pradesh he faced a land dispute with Babu Singh who was head of 250 member family and rich lord in the area then. The Dispute got worser when Tomar's mom aged 95 was attacked by Babu Singh this when Tomar shot Babu Singh and became dacoit.It was also know that 10000 Rs was tagged for his head.Tomar was later killed by law enforcement agents in 12 hour shoot-out.A movie was made in his name in 2012.

9. Daku Man Singh

Daku Man Singh which means "Dacoit" Man Singh, his also popularly known as Thakur Man Singh since he belonged to Rajput family was a notorious dacoit in Chambal Region. It was known that between 1939 and 1955 he 1112 armed robbery and had killed 185 people which included 32 police officers in that region. He was shot dead by Gurkha soldiers in 1955.He has image of Robin-hood in the region than that of the Dacoit.

8. Dadua

Shiv Kumar Patel infamously known as "Dadua" was a dacoit raiding the forest regions of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.Dadua rised in power with the first instance of murdering a man for avenging his father's dead. Later after his release from prison he joined in the Gang of Seetharam in 1959 and rose in power Raja Rogoli. Dadua later become a head of 500 member gang and had influence extended to 10 assembly segments. He was shot dead with his gang members in a shot out with Indian police force.

7. Manya Survr

Manya Survr was a urban daciot of Mumbai,Survr in his early age was a college student who was doing Bachelor of Arts in Kirti College.He lived with his mother and step father in Mumbai.Survr had an elder brother(Bhargav Dada) who was gangster in Agra Bazaar.Survr was involved in murdering of member of other gang along with his brother and was sentenced for 25 years of imprisonment. After serving for 9 years Survr escaped the prison and returned to Mumbai.On return Survr formed his gang with his most trusted men. Survr involved in armed robberies and famous robbery was the Trombay Canara bank. Survr sometimes followed is robbery plot from James Hadley Chase novel which he used to read when he was is prison. Due to his successful heists and robberies his gang was under the heat and police force was in pressure to terminate the gang. And 11 Jan 1982 Survr was shot in a Shoot-out in Wadala.

6. Seema Parihar

Seema Parihar is a former Bandit queen only living bandit of recent times and now the member of Sanajwadi party. Seema born in poor Thakur family was kidnapped by dacoit of the region, where was raised to be dacoit,Parihar became gang leader and have been raiding the regions of Bihand jungles and Chambal river. She killed 70 people, kidnapped 200 people and looted 30 houses. In June 2000 she surrendered to Uttar Pradesh police. In Aug 2001 she had received offers from political parties. In 2010 she participated in Big Boss season 4.In 2011 she was appointed as women's wing of National Corruption eradication Council.

5. Nirbhay Singh Gujjar

Nirbhay Singh Gujjar was one most wanted dacoit of Chambal region. He made his way up from a petty thief to a dacoit. He had everything from booze to women and that's not all he had AK47, Bullet proof vest, Night vision binoculars at his disposal. Infact he was head of 70 member gang. He had a price tag of 2.5 lakhs ($5250) in his head and was shot dead by police force in September 2005.

4. Sultan Daku

Sultan Daku is the dacoit of British India and won the hearts of Bijnore people by rebelling against Capitalism and feudalism in society. He stole the riches from the Kings and lords of the region to help the poor and needy. Sultan Daku was hanged by Nijibabad secretly out of fear of rebels and protest.

3. Jambulinga Nada

Jambulinga was a famous outlaw of Madras presidency in 20th century know to be the head of 30 member gang. They usually raid people travelling along the forest the highways of Travancore-Madras Presidency. Nada used to ambush the travelers, relieving them of their valuables and loose the bullocks. Due to faster growing notoriety brought the attention of the Law in mid-1920 and there were joint patrols in forest regions of Aramboly to put an end to this ambush. However in 1927 Jambulingam was caught in one of raid and was shot dead in his act of escape.

2. Veerappan

Veerappan mostly famously now as Sandalwood Smuggler Veerappan was a dacoit in the forest regions of TamilNadu,Kerala and Karanataka. He was believed to be the leader of army which runs to hundreds. Infact he had highest price money on his head 50 lakhs ($790,000).He had killed 189 people which mostly included police officers and forest officers, in poaching he had generated an income of 22 million USD and he had various charges against him which included poaching, smuggling ,murders and kidnapping. One of famous kidnap was renowned Kannada actor Raj Kumar and H.Nagappa Former minister of. Despite the heat he created due to his criminal’s activity he evaded from law for 20 years and was finally shot dead by Tamil Nadu Special Task Force in 2004.

1. Phoolan Devi

Phoolan Devi mostly famously known as "The Bandit Queen" was born in boatmen class in small village of Jalaun District, Uttar Pradesh. At 18,Devi was gang raped by High caste bandits and because of this incident she became a gang leader on her own rights and sought revenge. In 1981 she returned to village where she was rapped rounded up the rapist along with 22 Thakur caste villagers and executed them which was later famously portrayed as "The Behmai massacre”. Devi was charged with 48 crimes including murder, plunder, arson and kidnapping for ransom. Devi and her gang survived for 2 years later they surrender to police in 1983.Devi was denied for trails for 11 years and state government ultimately removed all the charges against her and released her on 1994.She then joined in Samajwadi party and ran for election for Member of parliament and won in 13th Lok Sabha. On 2001 Devi was assassinated outside her New Delhi Home by 2 upper caste men.

NCR Kalpana software revolutionizes the ATM channel

NCR Corp. marketing director for ATM software Robert Johnston sums up Kalpana, the company's new thin client ATM solution. The company premiered Kalpana at last week's ATMIA US 2015 Conference and Expo at Caesars Palace, Las Vegas — not in an exhibit space of its own, but in the Cardtronics booth, where the solution was demoed on an NCR CX110 cash dispenser, the same model that Cardtronics is using in its forthcoming rollout of the thin client technology in pilot tests.

"Rollout" is the operative term that differentiates Kalpana from previous permutations of ATM thin client technology, Johnston said in an interview with ATM Marketplace.According to Johnston, Kalpana (which is Sanskrit for "imagination") exists on an entirely different plane, as a ready-to-deploy solution — "imagination in action," you might say.NCR Kalpana^™ software is a cornerstone of our CxBanking strategy, which focuses on seamless integration for more efficiency, growth and security for you — and more personalized experiences for your customers.NCR Kalpana is a CxBanking application that leverages CxPlatform technology to reinvent the financial self-service channel. It enables flexibility and rapid deployment so you dramatically reduce costs as you gain more freedom and choice. And its ground-breaking security model is designed to eliminate malware.
NCR Kalpana software frees you from the high costs and constraints of disconnected legacy infrastructure.

• Enterprise-driven creation, delivery and processing of transactions
• Enablement of thin-client ATMs like Cx110

Today the average ATM is a "fat client" (aka "thick client") Windows-based system — in effect a robust PC running a software stack, antivirus protection and various other agents. Each of these is fairly complex, with management done by separate systems."What happens with Kalpana is all that capability is now in the enterprise server, and the CX110, which is the piece of thin-client hardware that goes with it . It has a minimal software stack on it," Johnston said. "All it's got is enough to securely run an operating system, which, on this operating model happens to be Android. And really, that's all that's there."

Every transaction and service the consumer sees on the ATM monitor is provided through enterprise, Johnston said. And anything that happens on that thin-client CX110 has to be signed off by the server. So nothing can happen there that's not seen or controlled by the server.This means that malware-driven jackpotting exploits such as Ploutus, Padpin and Tyupkin — all of which require hard disk access at the machine level — can no longer be carried out by cyberthieves. No hard drive, no hard drive tampering."So it removes all of the malware, virus threat and all the rest from the client," Johnston said. "The results are then a much easier management profile because through that server, you can see everything that happens on the ATM.

• Operating system agnostic architecture

While Android apps have been known to have some security issues in the Google Play world, Johnston said that the open source platform does not have these susceptibilities in Kalpana. NCR's choice of the platform was based on this and a number of other considerations, he said.The first of these was that Microsoft doesn't offer a thin client option for Windows, which got the long-used ATM OS scratched off the list in short order.This left NCR with a limited range of OS choices. One of the other "hot favorites" currently getting attention in the ATM world is Linux. However, Johnston said, that platform has "a slightly confused and disjointed distribution strategy."Also, he said, NCR wouldn't have had the desired degree of control over the current thin client versions.

"Particularly in the security," he said. "We felt that the security was much tighter with Android. And in Android, we have control of the source code as well, so we can execute the updates in there that will traverse through different and future variants of Android. We won't have to build the whole thing every time ".Johnston noted that because the system NCR developed is agnostic, the architecture will allow the introduction of other operating systems time in the future without substantial changes on the server side.

• Resilient, configurable switch integration
• Unsurpassed flexibility and integration across channels

 

This results in tangible gains for you:

• Cost Savings – 27% to 40% reduction in ATM network total cost of ownership, equivalent to savings of $540K to $800K per year on a 100 unit CD network. (Based on data from NCR, customer and analyst sources)
• High Security – world’s first ATM security certification to PCI 4.0.
• Increased Efficiency – rapid deployment and updates, with up to 50% less time to introduce new transactions and services.
• Amazing customer experience – easy integration across channels for more personalization and targeted services.

Coral castle

Coral Castle is a stone structure created by the Latvian American eccentric Edward Leedskalnin (1887–1951) north of the city of Homestead, Florida in Miami-Dade County at the intersection of South Dixie Highway (U.S. 1) and SW 157th Avenue. The structure comprises numerous megalithic stones (mostly limestone formed from coral), each weighing several tons. It currently serves as a privately operated tourist attraction. Coral Castle is noted for legends surrounding its creation that claim it was built single-handedly by Leedskalnin using reverse magnetism and/or supernatural abilities to move and carve numerous stones weighing many tons.

History:

According to the Coral Castle's own promotional material, Edward Leedskalnin was jilted by his 16-year-old fiancée Agnes Skuvst in Latvia, just one day before the wedding. Leaving for America, he came down with allegedly terminal tuberculosis, but spontaneously healed, stating that magnets had some effect on his disease.

Edward spent more than 28 years building the Coral Castle, refusing to allow anyone to view him while he worked. A few teenagers claimed to have witnessed his work, reporting that he had caused the blocks of coral to move like hydrogen balloons. The only tool that Leedskalnin spoke of using was a "perpetual motion holder".

 

Leedskalnin originally built the castle, which he named Rock Gate Park, in Florida City, Florida around 1923. He purchased the land from Ruben Moser whose wife assisted him when he had a very bad bout with tuberculosis. Florida City, which borders the Everglades, is the southernmost city in the United States that is not on an island. It was an extremely remote location with very little development at the time. The castle remained in Florida City until about 1936 when Leedskalnin decided to move and take the castle with him to its final location on 28655 South Dixie Highway Miami, FL 33033. The Coral Castle website states that he chose to move in order to protect his privacy when discussion about developing land in the area of the castle started. He spent three years moving the Coral Castle structures 10 miles (16 km) north from Florida City to its current location in Homestead, Florida.

Leedskalnin continued to work on the castle up until his death in 1951. The coral pieces that are part of the newer castle, not among those transported from the original location, were quarried on the property only a few feet away from the southern wall. When Leedskalnin became ill in November 1951, he put a sign on the door of the front gate "Going to the Hospital" and took the bus to Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami. Leedskalnin suffered a stroke at one point, either before he left for the hospital or at the hospital. He died twenty-eight days later of Pyelonephritis (a kidney infection) at the age of 64. His death certificate noted that his death was a result of "uremia; failure of kidneys, as a result of the infection and abscess."

While the property was being investigated, $3,500 was found among Leedskalnin's personal belongings. Leedskalnin had made his income from conducting tours, selling pamphlets about various subjects (including magnetic currents) and the sale of a portion of his 10-acre (4.0 ha) property for the construction of U.S. Route 1. Having no will, the castle became the property of his closest living relative in America, a nephew from Michigan named Harry.

The Coral Castle website reports that the nephew was in poor health and he sold the castle to an Illinois family in 1953. However, this story differs from the obituary of a former Coral Castle owner, Julius Levin, a retired jeweler from Chicago, Illinois. The obituary states Levin had purchased the land from the state of Florida in 1952 and may not have been aware there was even a castle on the land. The new owners changed the name of Rock Gate Park to Coral Castle and turned it into a tourist attraction.In January 1981, Levin sold the castle to Coral Castle, Inc. for $175,000. The company retains ownership today.In 1984, the property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was added under the name of "Rock Gate", but the name on the list was changed to "Coral Castle" in 2011 .

The Castle

 

The grounds of Coral Castle consist of 1,100 short tons of stones in the form of walls, carvings, furniture and a castle tower. Commonly referred to as being made up of coral, it is made of oolite, also known as oolitic limestone. Oolite is a sedimentary rock composed of small spherical grains of concentrically layered carbonate that may include localized concentrations of fossil shells and coral. Oolite is found throughout southeastern Florida from Palm Beach County to the Florida Keys.Oolite is often found beneath only several inches of topsoil, such as at the Coral Castle site.

The stones are fastened together without mortar. They are set on top of each other using their weight to keep them together. The craftsmanship detail is so skillful and the stones are connected with such precision that no light passes through the joints. The 8-foot (2.4 m) tall vertical stones that make up the perimeter wall have a uniform height. Even with the passage of decades and a direct hit on August 24, 1992, by the Category 5 Hurricane Andrew, the stones have not shifted.

Many of the features and carvings of the castle are notable. Among them are a two-story castle tower that served as Leedskalnin's living quarters , an accurate sundial, a Polaris telescope, an obelisk, a barbecue, a water well, a fountain, celestial stars and planets, and numerous pieces of furniture. The furniture pieces include a heart-shaped table, a table in the shape of Florida, twenty-five rocking chairs, chairs resembling crescent moons, a bathtub, beds and a throne.

Tree Circus

The Circus Trees were originally grown and created by Axel Erlandson (pictured at right in his Living Chair), who was born in 1884 to Swedish parents. They immigrated to the United States in 1886. During his early years he grew up in Minnesota but by age 17 his family had moved to the Hilmar Colony near Turlock, CA. Newcomers to the area faced many problems including dry, desert-like land and little water. However, canals soon brought water and a new need arose for the land to be level for irrigation. Erlandson taught himself land surveying, among other skills. If he had continued with this line of work, the Circus Trees may have never existed.

Tree Circus circa 1957This botanical adventure began in Hilmar, CA a little before Axel’s daughter, Wilma, was born in 1928. The “Four-Legged Giant” four Sycamore saplings grafted into a 6 foot square cupola, was his first major project.

Inspired by observing a natural graft between two trees, he began to shape his trees. Erlandson’s intricate grafting techniques resulted in woven wonders made from threads of living wood. Straight tree trunks and branches were carefully bent, rather than cut, and became complex and compound designs in shapes like hearts, lightning bolts, basket weaves and rings. Erlandson claimed to be divinely inspired and spent over 40 years of his life shaping and grafting the bodies and arms of trees. He could control the rate of growth, slowing it down or speeding it up to blend his designs to perfection.

Mark Primack & the Commando Gardeners July 1983In 1945, Wilma and her mother, Leona, took a trip to the Santa Cruz area and during their stay visited the “Mystery Spot”. When they returned home Leona suggested Axel’s trees should be moved there. He must have thought this a grand idea, for he soon bought a ¾-acre lot in Scotts Valley.

The following winter Erlandson dug up his trees, pruning the roots severely and wrapping them in peat moss and burlap sacks to prepare them for the move, over 100 miles away. Replanting in Scotts Valley was complete by April 1, 1946. A year later Axel opened the “Tree Circus” so locals and tourists could experience the wonder of the “World’s Strangest Trees.” It’s said that when children would ask him how he made the trees, he would say “Oh, I talk to them.”

Moving the Four-Legged GiantBy 1957, Erlandson had created more than 70 unique trees. Ripley’s Believe it or Not featured them in the 1940’s and 50’s. In 1957 a LIFE magazine article gave the trees notoriety. The collection of unusual trees appeared in publications often in the United States and other parts of the world.

Moving the Double SpectacleIn 1963, Axel sold his beloved Circus Trees, and after that his health declined. He died of congestive heart failure in 1964. The trees had many owners after Axel’s death. For a while, the trees were part of a Scotts Valley attraction known as “The Lost World”. At one point, even Disney became interested in them. But the tree’s owner asked such an enormously high price that they declined the sale. Imagine if our trees had ended up in Disneyland!

Around 1976, a local Santa Cruz architect, Mark Primack, heard about the ailing trees and eventually led an effort to save them, even risking arrest for trespassing in order to water and feed them. In 1977 the property was again sold with only 40 trees surviving. Pictured above right are the Commando Gardeners with the "Double Spectacle" tree in July 1983. Keeping as many alive as he could, Primack’s efforts finally took root when they attracted the attention of tree lover and Gilroy Gardens founder, Michael Bonfante.

Moving the Basket TreeDue to Michael's creative vision, 29 of the remaining coiled, scalloped and spiral shaped Sycamores, Box Elders, Ash and Spanish Cork trees were saved. During the winter of 1984 they were carefully hand dug and boxed, their roots trimmed, then watered and fertilized to revive the trees. On November 10, 1985 during the "80-Ton Tree Caper", they were hauled over 50 miles of mountains. More than 20 municipal, county and state agencies were involved in the permitting process and the ultimate move to their final home at Bonfante Gardens Theme Park, now known as Gilroy Gardens Family Theme Park. Pictured being loaded for the journey...at left is the "Basket Tree"; above left is the "Four-Legged Giant" and above right is the "Double Spectacle".

Moving the Double SpectacleThere are 25 Circus Trees still alive today. Ten of these amazing natural wonders are featured in Dixie Cup Plaza near the turnstile area at the front entrance of our Park. Nine of them are planted in various areas inside the Park. The remaining six trees are behind the scenes and most are not viewable to the public. Recently, the "Needle & Thread", "Almost Circle Cage" and "Flat 3/4 Round Fan" were planted near the Operations Building, and can be glimpsed when leaving the Park or if parking in Lot B. Pictured to the right is Michael with the "Four-Legged Giant".

For more information on the life and tales of the Circus Trees or Axel Erlandson, visit our gift shops for a copy of My Father Talked to Trees, a special publication written by Axel's daughter, Wilma Erlandson. If you would like to see each of our trees in person, pick up a Guide to the Circus Trees brochure from our Welcome Center, located in Sugar Plum Plaza.

These trees represent one of the most visible demonstrations of the love of nature by man—first to create and nourish, then to maintain, and finally to preserve and cherish these stunning creatures. With a lot of love and a bit of luck, Axel Erlandson's Circus Trees will continue to awe children as well as adults who can appreciate the time and talent involved in creating this tribute to nature.

For More information

PANDIT MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA

Born: 25 December 1861 in Allahabad
Died: 12 November 1946 in Varanasi
Award: Bharat Ratna in 2014
Known for: Role in Indian independence movement, President of Indian National Congress, Founder of Banaras Hindu University (BHU), One of the founders of Scouting in India, Founders of English-newspaper ‘The Leader’
Profession: Educationist, Journalist, Lawyer, Politician, Freedom Activist.

Born  in a family of six brothers and two sisters. His grandfather Pt Premdhar and father Pt Baijnath were Sanskrit scholars. His father, Pt Baijnath, was also an excellent Kathavacak (narrator of the stories from Bhagawat). After initial training in Sanskrit, Malaviyaji joined the Saraswati School for study in English. He passed his B.A. from Muir Central College in 1884. He was married in 1878 to Kumari Devi of Mirzapur.

Initially, Malaviya wanted to be a good Kathavacak like his father. However, due to poverty in the house, he was forced to join the government school as a teacher. After completing his graduation and the job of a teacher in 1884, he pursued his education from 1889 and passed the LLB course in 1891. He practiced in the district court and then in the High Court. He was the Congress President for a record of four times- in 1909 (Lahore), in 1918 (Delhi), in 1930 (Delhi) and in 1932 (Calcutta). He was catapulted into the political arena immediately after his first moving speech at the second Congress session held in Kolkata in 1886.  

An educationist with a vision, Malaviya's main achievement was the establishment of the Banaras Hindu University. Today, Malaviya is most remembered as the founder of the university, the largest residential university in Asia and one of the largest in the world, having over 12,000 students across arts, sciences, engineering and technology at Varanasi in 1916. Malaviya is also remembered for his stellar role in the Independence movement and his espousal of Hindu nationalism. He was one of the initial leaders of the right-wing Hindu Mahasabha.

Malaviya was an important figure in the non-cooperation movement, but he was opposed to Congress' participation in the Khilafat movement. In April 1932, he was arrested along with 450 other Congress volunteers in Delhi while participating in the civil disobedience movement. In the same year, he also initiated a manifesto urging the "Buy Indian" movement in India.However, a disenchanted Malaviya then left the Congress party to form the Congress Nationalist Party along with Madhav Shrihari Aney. The party contested the 1934 elections to the central legislature and won 12 seats. He bid farewell to active politics in 1937. 

Malaviya has also worked towards the eradication of the caste system, and for this he was temporarily expelled from the Shi Gaud Brahmin samaj. He even organised a mass of 200 Dalit people, including the Dalit leader PN Rajbhoj to demand entry into the Kalaram Temple on a Rath Yatra day.  Malviya was one of the founders of Scouting in India. He was also the founder of the highly influential English newspaper, The Leader, which was published from Allahabad in 1909. He was also the Chairman of Hindustan Times from 1924 to 1946. His efforts resulted in the launch of its Hindi edition in 1936. 

Incidentally, Malaviya's grandson, J Girdhar Malviya, was one of the proposers of Narendra Modi's candidature from Varanasi during the Lok Sabha elections. Soon after Modi became prime minister, Malaviya's Varanasi-based relatives had thanked Modi for considering to confer the Bharat Ratna on him.